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HomeEvidence CodeDiv. 10Ch. 2Art. 9§ 1291 Former Testimony Admissibility

§ 1291 Former Testimony Admissibility

Evidence Code·California
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AI SummaryVerified

§ 1291 Former Testimony Admissibility

Key Takeaways

  • •If someone can't come to court to talk, their old words from another court time can sometimes be used.
  • •This only works if the person who doesn't want those old words used had a chance to ask the speaker questions last time.
  • •You can't complain about how the questions were asked last time if you didn't complain then.
  • •You also can't say the speaker wasn't allowed to talk last time if that wasn't a problem back then.

Example

Imagine Sam got hurt in a car crash and sued the other driver. At that trial, a doctor said Sam was really hurt. Now, the other driver is suing Sam for something else, but the doctor moved away and can't come to court.

The other driver can use what the doctor said in the first trial because he had a chance to ask the doctor questions back then. He can't say the questions were bad now if he didn't say anything then.

AI-generated — May contain errors. Not legal advice. Always verify source.

Official Source
View on CA.gov

§ 1291 Former Testimony Admissibility

(a) Evidence of former testimony is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the declarant is unavailable as a witness and: (1) The former testimony is offered against a person who offered it in evidence in his own behalf on the former occasion or against the successor in interest of such person; or (2) The party against whom the former testimony is offered was a party to the action or proceeding in which the testimony was given and had the right and opportunity to cross-examine the declarant with an interest and motive similar to that which he has at the hearing. (b) The admissibility of former testimony under this section is subject to the same limitations and objections as though the declarant were testifying at the hearing, except that former testimony offered under this section is not subject to: (1) Objections to the form of the question which were not made at the time the former testimony was given. (2) Objections based on competency or privilege which did not exist at the time the former testimony was given. (Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.)

Last verified: January 22, 2026

Key Terms

former testimonyhearsay ruledeclarantunavailablecross-examine

Related Statutes

  • § 1292 Former Testimony Admissibility
  • § 1220 Admissions Against Party
  • § 1223 Conspiracy Statement Admissibility
  • § 1230 Statement Against Interest Exception
  • § 1231.4 Declarant Unavailability Evidence Rule

References

  • Official text at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
  • California Legislature. Evidence Code. Section 1291.
View Official Source