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HomeHarbors and Navigation CodeDiv. 3Ch. 1Art. 3§ 444 Pilot Liability Limitation

§ 444 Pilot Liability Limitation

Harbors and Navigation Code·California
AI Summary·Official Text·Key Terms·Related Statutes·References
AI SummaryVerified

§ 444 Pilot Liability Limitation

When a ship asks for a pilot, the ship’s owners, agents, charterers, and operators agree not to sue the pilot (or the pilot’s employer) for any damage unless the pilot was extremely careless or did something on purpose, and they promise to cover any costs the pilot faces.

Key Takeaways

  • •Ship parties give up the right to sue the pilot for ordinary mistakes or negligence.
  • •Ship parties must protect (indemnify) the pilot and the pilot’s employer from any lawsuits or costs that arise.
  • •If someone who isn’t the ship’s owner orders the pilot, they must prove they have the power to bind the ship and will cover any losses if they don’t.

Example

A cargo ship hires a pilot to guide it through a narrow channel. The pilot makes a small navigation error and the ship bumps into a dock, causing damage.

Because the ship’s owners signed this agreement, they cannot sue the pilot for the damage unless the pilot’s mistake was gross negligence or intentional. Instead, the owners must pay any legal fees or claims that come up for the pilot.

AI-generated — May contain errors. Not legal advice. Always verify source.

Official Source
View on CA.gov

§ 444 Pilot Liability Limitation

It shall be understood and agreed, and shall be the essence of an agreement under which services of the pilot are tendered to and are accepted by owners, agents, charterers, or operators, as follows: (a) The vessel requesting pilotage services and its owners, agents, charterers, and operators covenant and agree not to assert a claim against the pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer for damages, including any rights over, arising out of, or connected with, directly or indirectly, any damage, loss, or expense sustained by the vessel, its owners, agents, charterers, operators, or crew, and by any third parties, even though resulting in whole or in part from acts, omissions, or negligence of the pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer. The vessel and its owners, agents, charterers, and operators further covenant and agree, subject to any limitation of liability to which they are entitled by reason of any contract, bill of lading, statute, or other provision of law in force, to indemnify and hold harmless the pilot, the pilot’s employer, and other employees of the pilot’s employer with respect to liability arising from any and all claims, suits, or actions, by whomsoever asserted, resulting in whole or in part from acts, omissions, or negligence of the pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer. These covenants and agreements do not apply to liability and rights that may arise from the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer. (b) If any vessel on whose behalf pilotage services are requested is not owned by the person or entity ordering the services, that person or entity warrants its authority to bind the vessel and its owners, charterers, and operators to all the provisions contained in subdivision (a), and that person and entity agree to indemnify and hold harmless the pilot, the pilot’s employer, and other employees of the pilot’s employer with respect to all losses, damages, and expenses that may be suffered or incurred in consequence of the person or entity not having that authority. (c) Pilotage services are voluntarily requested and are voluntarily rendered in reliance upon the terms specified in subdivisions (a) and (b). (d) This article does not affect the rights of third parties against a vessel, its master, owners, agents, charterers, or operators, or a pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of a pilot’s employer. (e) This article does not preclude any pilot or pilot’s employer from entering into contracts with the owners, agents, charterers, or operators of a vessel that contain additional pilotage terms and conditions. (Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 538, Sec. 343. Effective January 1, 2007.)

Last verified: January 11, 2026

Key Terms

pilotage servicesindemnify and hold harmlesswillful misconduct or gross negligenceacts, omissions, or negligence

Related Statutes

  • § 441 Pilotage Insurance Exclusion
  • § 442 Pilot Insurance Requirements
  • § 1110 Bay Area Water Boundaries
  • § 1111 Pilot Commissioners Board Definition
  • § 1112 High Seas Definition

References

  • Official text at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
  • California Legislature. Harbors and Navigation Code. Section 444.
View Official Source