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HomeFamily CodeDiv. 1Pt. 3§ 185 Tribal Participation In Custody Cases

§ 185 Tribal Participation In Custody Cases

Family Code·California
AI Summary·Official Text·Key Terms·Related Statutes·References
AI SummaryVerified

§ 185 Tribal Participation In Custody Cases

This law lets a Native American tribe join a court case about a child's custody if the child has tribal ancestry but isn't officially considered an 'Indian child' under federal law. The tribe can help the court by sharing information about the child's family, tribal programs, and cultural needs.

Key Takeaways

  • •This law only applies if the child has Native American ancestry but isn't officially an 'Indian child' under federal rules.
  • •The tribe can ask to join the custody case to help the court make the best decision for the child.
  • •The tribe can share information about family, tribal programs, and cultural needs, but the court has the final say.
  • •If more than one tribe wants to join, the court picks the one the child has the most connection to.
  • •This law doesn’t change other rules about custody cases—it just lets the tribe help out.

Example

A child with a Native American grandparent is in a custody case. The grandparent's tribe wants to help decide where the child should live.

The court can let the tribe join the case to suggest family members or tribal programs that could help the child. The tribe can speak in court, share reports, and give recommendations.

AI-generated — May contain errors. Not legal advice. Always verify source.

Official Source
View on CA.gov

§ 185 Tribal Participation In Custody Cases

(a) In a custody proceeding involving a child who would otherwise be an Indian child based on the definition contained in paragraph (4) of Section 1903 of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.), but is not an Indian child based on status of the child’s tribe, as defined in paragraph (8) of Section 1903 of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.), the court may permit the tribe from which the child is descended to participate in the proceeding upon request of the tribe. (b) If the court permits a tribe to participate in a proceeding, the tribe may do all of the following, upon consent of the court: (1) Be present at the hearing. (2) Address the court. (3) Request and receive notice of hearings. (4) Request to examine court documents relating to the proceeding. (5) Present information to the court that is relevant to the proceeding. (6) Submit written reports and recommendations to the court. (7) Perform other duties and responsibilities as requested or approved by the court. (c) If more than one tribe requests to participate in a proceeding under subdivision (a), the court may limit participation to the tribe with which the child has the most significant contacts, as determined in accordance with paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 170. (d) This section is intended to assist the court in making decisions that are in the best interest of the child by permitting a tribe in the circumstances set out in subdivision (a) to inform the court and parties to the proceeding about placement options for the child within the child’s extended family or the tribal community, services and programs available to the child and the child’s parents as Indians, and other unique interests the child or the child’s parents may have as Indians. This section shall not be construed to make the Indian Child Welfare Act (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.), or any state law implementing the Indian Child Welfare Act, applicable to the proceedings, or to limit the court’s discretion to permit other interested persons to participate in these or any other proceedings. (e) This section shall only apply to proceedings involving an Indian child. (Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 838, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2007.)

Last verified: January 9, 2026

Key Terms

indian child welfarecustodyporthearingfineplacementdefinitioninformation

Related Statutes

  • § 175 Indian Child Protection Act
  • § 3041 Nonparent Custody Detriment Standard
  • § 7950 Foster Care Relative Placement
  • § 9201 Adoption Records Confidentiality
  • § 17450 Child Support Delinquency Collection

References

  • Official text at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
  • California Legislature. Family Code. Section 185.
View Official Source