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HomeEvidence CodeDiv. 11Ch. 1Art. 3§ 1452 Presumed Genuine Seals

§ 1452 Presumed Genuine Seals

Evidence Code·California
AI Summary·Official Text·Key Terms·Related Statutes·References
AI SummaryVerified

§ 1452 Presumed Genuine Seals

Key Takeaways

  • •If a seal looks like it's from the U.S. government or a U.S. agency, we assume it's real and allowed to be used.
  • •The same goes for seals from other countries that the U.S. recognizes, or their government agencies.
  • •Seals from U.S. notaries public or special courts for ships and oceans are also assumed to be real.

Example

You get a document with a seal that says 'United States Department of State' on it.

The law says you can trust that the seal is real and was okay to use, unless someone proves it's fake.

AI-generated — May contain errors. Not legal advice. Always verify source.

Official Source
View on CA.gov

§ 1452 Presumed Genuine Seals

A seal is presumed to be genuine and its use authorized if it purports to be the seal of: (a) The United States or a department, agency, or public employee of the United States. (b) A public entity in the United States or a department, agency, or public employee of such public entity. (c) A nation recognized by the executive power of the United States or a department, agency, or officer of such nation. (d) A public entity in a nation recognized by the executive power of the United States or a department, agency, or officer of such public entity. (e) A court of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction. (f) A notary public within any state of the United States. (Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.)

Last verified: January 22, 2026

Key Terms

sealpresumed genuineauthorizedUnited Statespublic entitynation recognizedcourt of admiraltynotary public

Related Statutes

  • § 1453 Public Signature Presumption
  • § 1450 Evidence Burden Presumptions
  • § 1451 Acknowledgment Certificate Evidence
  • § 1454 Foreign Signature Certification
  • § 870 Witness Testimony On Sanity

References

  • Official text at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
  • California Legislature. Evidence Code. Section 1452.
View Official Source